1、接地问题
1. Grounding problem
接地对X光机安装、使用是一项十分重要的工作。有两层含义，一方面是安全接地，是针对工作人员和病人的人身安全而言。另一方面是工作接地，是为各电路寻找泄放点或电路测量参考点。
Grounding is very important for the installation and use of X ray machine. There are two meanings. On the one hand, it is safe grounding, which is aimed at the personal safety of staff and patients. On the other hand, it is the grounding of the work, which is to find out the discharge points or the reference points of the circuit for each circuit.
接地工作的成功与失败是关系到人员生命是否安全和机器能否正常使用的关键问题之一。接地是用接地电阻值来衡量且须定期接受职能部门检查，其数值的大小在规定范围内，不能突破上限值。一般普通X光机接地点阻值≤3欧姆，特殊用途的机器如：血管减影,(DSA)要求≤1欧姆。
The success and failure of grounding operation is one of the key problems that affect the safety of human life and the normal operation of the machine. Grounding is measured by grounding resistance and must be checked regularly by functional departments. The value of grounding resistance is within the prescribed range and can not exceed the upper limit. The grounding resistance of ordinary X-ray machines is less than 3 ohms. Special purpose machines such as vascular subtraction (DSA) require less than 1 ohm.
其制作方法是：若按常规方法距地面（1.5~2)米深度挖坑，坑口面积为(1~1.5）平方米，坑底铺设一定厚度的铜板等做法造价会很高，且引线的接点只一个，不稳定。实际做可采用镀锌管（直径50毫米、长度2500毫米）三根，每根镀锌管相距3米，砸入地下，镀锌管管头距地面（300~500）毫米，每根管用扁铁连接在一起，用接地电线分别与每根镀锌管相焊连接引出至接地线的接线柱上。机器引出地线也与该接线柱相接。用此方法可达到机器要求，造价低，易操作，稳定性高，工作中应为首选方法。
Its production method is: if digging a pit at a depth of 1.5-2 meters from the ground according to the conventional method, the area of the pit mouth is (1-1.5) square meters, and the bottom of the pit is laid with a certain thickness of copper plate, the cost will be very high, and the connection of the lead is only one, unstable. In practice, three galvanized pipes (50mm in diameter and 2500mm in length) can be used. Each galvanized pipe is 3 meters apart and smashed into the ground. The galvanized pipe head is 300-500 mm away from the ground. Each pipe is connected with flat iron. Each galvanized pipe is welded with the ground wire and connected with each galvanized pipe to the connecting post of the ground wire. The ground wire of the machine is also connected to the terminal. This method can meet the machine requirements, low cost, easy to operate, high stability, work should be the preferred method.
2、电源问题
2, power problem
根据机器对电源内阻的要求不同，主要考虑机器瞬间功率大小、距电源变压器距离的长短，而决定机器电源线的线径（铜芯线为主）面积大小。一般普通照相X光机、胃肠X光机的电源线（铜芯）线径为30平方毫米，比较特殊的机器如:DSA、CT等电源线线径在50平方毫米为宜。电源线按三相五线制式（三根相线、一根零线、一根地线）或三相四线制式（三根相线、一根零线，地线另接），要注意相线的相序排列。电源控制箱安置在控制间室内开闭比较方便的位置。
According to the different requirements of the machine for the internal resistance of the power supply, the instantaneous power of the machine and the distance from the power transformer are mainly considered, and the wire diameter (mainly copper core wire) area of the machine power line is determined. Common X-ray machine, gastrointestinal X-ray machine power line (copper core) diameter of 30 square millimeters, more special machines such as: DSA, CT and other power line diameter of 50 square millimeters is appropriate. The power line is arranged in three-phase five-wire system (three phase lines, one zero line, one ground wire) or three-phase four-wire system (three phase lines, one zero line, ground wire connected separately), and the phase sequence of the phase lines should be paid attention to. The power control box is arranged in the convenient room for opening and closing of the control room.
3、房间的设计
3, room design
包括机房和控制间的设计。根据机器型号、性能、工作方便及放射防护等方面的要求。综合考虑、合理设计，也是一项重要的前期准备工作。因为X光机是一种特殊的机器，所产生的X线对人体有一定的幅射损害，因此对工作人员的防护是一项非常重要的工作，须高度重视。
Including the design of the computer room and control room. According to the machine type, performance, work convenience and radiation protection requirements. Comprehensive consideration and reasonable design is also an important preparatory work. Because X-ray machine is a special machine, the X-ray produced by the human body has a certain radiation damage, so the protection of workers is a very important work, we must pay great attention to.
在确保工作人员、工作环境防护达到国家标准的条件下，再考虑房间布局的合理性、工作方便程度等其它方面。根据机器性能首先确定机器中心点在房间的位置。另外，房间高度是指房间天花板距地面的实际高度（装饰后净高），要满足机器运行最大距离的要求，以免影响运行。观察窗（俗称铅玻璃）设计要求具有一定铅当量防幅射性的铅玻璃，位于墙面水平中心，其下沿高度距地面实际距离（800~850）毫米。机房与控制间穿墙孔是为控制台与控制柜、床相连接电缆而须预置的，一般考虑机器的频率是工频、中、高频及电源稳压器的配制等方面而决定穿墙孔尺寸大小，一般为方形或圆形，大小200毫米×200毫米，距地面100毫米，数量1~2个。
Under the condition that the protection of staff and working environment meets the national standard, the rationality of room layout and the degree of working convenience should be considered. First, determine the location of the center of the machine in the room according to the performance of the machine. In addition, the room height refers to the actual height of the ceiling from the ground (net height after decoration), to meet the requirements of the maximum distance machine operation, so as not to affect the operation. Observation window (commonly known as lead glass) design requirements with a certain amount of lead equivalent radiation-proof lead glass, located in the horizontal center of the wall, its lower edge of the actual distance from the ground (800-850) mm. Machine room and control room perforation is to connect the console with the control cabinet, bed cable and must be preset, generally consider the frequency of the machine, medium, high frequency and the preparation of power regulator and other aspects to determine the size of the wall perforation, generally square or round, size 200 mm *200 mm, 100 mm from the ground, the number of 1-2 mm One.
若是新建机房，应预留地下电缆沟，视机器型号、电缆线的多少决定电缆桥架的规格大小（要架空使用）。房间门的设计由机房门与机房控制间门组成，此门需要特殊处理，强调防护性能、开启方便，机房门形状建议采用子母两扇门。
If the new machine room, should reserve underground cable trench, depending on the machine type, cable number to determine the size of the cable bridge size (to use overhead). The design of the room door is composed of the door of the computer room and the door of the control room of the computer room. This door needs special treatment. It emphasizes the protection performance and opens conveniently.